Nevertheless, despite the consumption of iron, it seems that its absorption in cancer patients is not enough. One of the essential interventions in the treatment of anemia is iron supplementation ( 23). However, given the prevalence of iron deficiency, it is not often evaluated in cancer patients ( 22). Besides, Zeighami Mohammadi (2011) examined the relationship between anemia, the severity of fatigue, and quality of life in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and reported the prevalence of anemia to be 63.6% ( 19). Another study by Holzner (2002) showed that a decrease in blood hemoglobin levels is associated with an increase in the severity of fatigue in patients undergoing chemotherapy ( 21). For instance, Cellafound that 25% of cancer patients with hemoglobin less than 12 mg/dl had difficulty performing their duties due to fatigue ( 20). Some studies have estimated the prevalence of anemia in patients undergoing chemotherapy to be 100% ( 19). Chemotherapy-induced anemia (CIA) occurs when chemotherapy rapidly attacks dividing cells, including red blood cells (RBCs), and prevents them from dividing ( 18). Chemotherapy can destroy the body's natural tissues causing bone marrow damage and can result in anemia, which leads to fatigue ( 16, 17). Iron deficiency anemia is prevalent in cancer patients ( 15). One of the essential factors affecting fatigue is anemia ( 14). Besides, 78 to 96% of cancer patients and 75 to 99% of patients undergoing chemotherapy experience symptoms of fatigue ( 12, 13).
Burgess pointed out that the fatigue experienced by people with cancer is different from the fatigue experienced by healthy people and that these patients experience more intense and sustained fatigue, which does not improve with adequate sleep and rest. According to the North American Nursing Diagnosis (NANDA), fatigue refers to "a state of general, persistent feeling of boredom and reduction of physical and mental ability to lower than the normal level" ( 11).
Although these treatments may contribute to the survival of the patient, they may generate various complications ( 4, 6), among which fatigue is the most annoying ( 7- 10), Reported in 70% to 100% of treated patients ( 4), fatigue is one of the most essential and definitive diagnoses of nursing. It is predicted that by 2030, more than 13.1 million deaths in the world will be because of cancer ( 5).ĭepending on the stage of cancer and the medical history of the patient, there are different types of treatment for cancer, such as surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or hormone therapy. Over 30,000 people die annually due to cancer ( 4). It is regarded as the third leading cause of death following cardiovascular diseases and accidents in Iran ( 3). BackgroundĬancer is one of the most severe diseases of the present century and the second leading cause of death ( 1) after cardiovascular diseases ( 2). The data analysis process was performed at a significance level of less than 0.05.įatigue Cancer Anemia Care Plan Nursing 1.
#NURSING DIAGNOSIS FOR LOW HEMATOCRIT AND HEMOGLOBIN SOFTWARE#
The collected data were analyzed using the independent samples t-test, paired-samples t-test, and chi-square test in SPSS software (version 22). Follow-up was performed for three weeks, and the questionnaire was completed again by the participants in both groups. However, the patients in the intervention group received 150 mg of iron daily and attended a nursing care program with four individual training sessions (one session per week). The patients in the control group did not receive any special care other than receiving 150 mg of iron daily. Before the intervention, the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Anemia (FACT-An) was completed by the patients in both groups. The participants were selected via convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to the control and intervention groups. The present study was conducted in a quasi-experimental design on two groups of 90 cancer patients in selected hospitals.
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